Optical hybrid cable (AOC) and all-optical transmission

Optical Transmission

Since 2000, with the development of communication technology, optical fiber communication has appeared optical module transmission technology, and after 2002, digital transmission HDMI audio and video signal products have also appeared in the field of consumer electronics. In April 2002, Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Silicon Image, Sony, Thomson, Toshiba seven companies jointly established the HDMI high-definition multimedia interface interface organization, HDMI transmission is divided into high-speed signal transmission and low-speed signal transmission two parts: 1-12 feet of 12 4 pairs of cables transmit high-speed signals, using TMDS differential signaling technology (TMDS (Time Minimized) invented by Silicon Image Differential Signal) minimizes transmission differential signal transmission technology, TMDS is a differential signal mechanism, using differential transmission mode, which is the basic principle of HDMI technology, in optical fiber transmission HDMI: these 4 pairs of 12 TMDS cables are transmitted by 4 VCSEL+4 multimode optical fibers, which can easily solve the problem of high-speed transmission.

In the HDMI low-speed transmission channel, the 13-19 pins in HDMI have 7 electronic cables: 5V power supply, HPD hot-swap activates CEC, internet, SDA, SCA, DDC channels. The most important display resolution reads the DDC channel: it is the command of the I2C interface at the HDMI source to read the E-EDID at the receiving end. I2C, short for Integrated Circuit Bus, is a serial communication bus that uses a multi-master-slave architecture. The initiator of I2C is also one of the founders of the HDMI organization: Philips Semiconductors.

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HDMI cables are usually used to connect audiovisual equipment to TVs and monitors, so most of them are short-distance transmission, usually only 3 meters long; What should users do if they need more than 3 meters? If you continue to use copper wire, the diameter of copper wire will become larger, it will be difficult to bend, and the cost will be high. Therefore, the best way is to use optical fibers. HDMI AOC optical hybrid cable product is actually a product of technical compromise, the original intention in the development should be that all HDMI 19 cables are optical fiber transmission, which is the real optical fiber transmission HDMI, but because the 7 cables of the low-speed channel use VCSEL+ multimode fiber low-speed signal encoding and decoding is more difficult, simply the developer only the high-speed signal in the 4 pairs of TMDS channels to VCSEL+ multimode fiber transmission, the remaining 7 electronic wires are still directly connected by copper wireIt was found that after the high-speed signal was transmitted by optical fiber, due to the extension of the TMDS signal transmission distance, the optical fiber HDMI AOC could be transmitted to 100 meters or even longer.

Optical fiber HDMI AOC hybrid cable because the low-speed signal still uses copper wire transmission, the problem of high-speed signal is solved, and the problem of low-speed signal copper transmission is still not solved, so it is prone to various compatibility problems in long-distance transmission. And all this can be completely solved if HDMI uses all-optical technology solutions. All-optical HDMI uses 6 optical fibers, 4 to transmit high-speed TMDS channel signals, 2 to transmit HDMI low-speed signals, and an external 5V power supply is required at the RX display end as the excitation voltage for HPD hot plugging. After adopting the all-optical solution, HDMI, high-speed TMDS channel and low-speed DDC channel are changed to optical fiber transmission, and the transmission distance is greatly improved.

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Support for protocol specifications

Although the optical copper hybrid line has raised the lossless transmission of long-distance signals to a very high height, there is still a technology that completely solves the existence of copper wire as a transmission conductor, that is, pure optical fiber HDMI 2.1 line, HDMI 2.1 pure optical active optical cable (AOC) fully complies with the HDMI 2.1 standard, signal transmission is all using optical fiber, does not contain copper wire, optical fiber transmission is not subject to electromagnetic interference. AOC transmission signal is uncompressed, the maximum bandwidth is 48Gbps, can perfectly transmit 8K ultra-high-definition images, the longest transmission distance can reach 500m. Compared to traditional copper wires, this fiber optic cable is longer, softer, lighter, with better signal quality and perfect electromagnetic compatibility characteristics. At the beginning of the year, the HDMI Association for HDMI Cable certification test specifications for a major update, new DMI Passive Adapter certification test plan, in the past under the Ultra High Speed HDMI Cable test specifications, in addition to must support HEAC function, the cable used to transmit HEAC still needs to use copper wire to be certified, if it is using full optical fiber, it cannot be certified, and Premium High Speed HDMI HEAC function under the cable specification is optional support, after this specification update has become the first choice for the test scheme of all-fiber AOC Cable at this stage, pure fiber HDMI has finally been officially recognized, now it is said that HDMI fiber transmission in optical hybrid cable (AOC) and all-optical transmission that is better, in fact, mainly depends on the cost performance and application market to decide, each has its own advantages

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Post time: Jul-17-2023